Everything else in the middle is really up to the artistic nature of the photographer. The key to this technique is that the Screen and Multiply layer blending modes, at an opacity of 38, produce an effect very similar to. Here is a simple way to adjust exposure in the f-stop increments that is second nature to photographers. One thing that the photographer need to be aware of is that at higher f-stops, there tends to be some distortion at the edge of the picture and less light entering the camera. Bruce Fraser Adapted from Real World Photoshop, by David Blatner and Bruce Fraser. To make it more complicated, the f-stop is also known as the aperture. This will give you the depth of field required to have both the diver and the reef in focus. The f in f-stop stands for focal length, referring to your lens. That is, even though its a tiny number, f/2.8. On the other hand, imagine taking a landscape shot of a beautiful reef with a diver in the distance – then you would want to use a high f-stop (6.3-8 or more). This is otherwise known as the f-stop value, which in reality is inversely proportional to aperture value. The end result of this is to produce a very sharp image of the subject (the nudibranch) or even part of the subject (the “head”), whilst the background of the sponge, which is a uniform colour, would be much softer and blurry. For this composition, you would want to use a very low f-stop (2-3.2). Imagine taking a picture of a colourful nudibranch on a red sponge. The key to understanding f-stops all the details about it is to discuss how it affects composition. Zoom lenses have a variable focal length these type of lenses are most often found in compact cameras. Its the camera button that reduces the lens aperture to the set value giving you a preview of the image area(s) that will be sharp. A prime lens has a fixed focal length and is generally used for quite specific shots. The focal length can either be fixed or variable depending on the type of lens. This is the distance between the sensor or film and the point in the lens at which the light rays entering the camera converge and crossover. Focal lengthĬamera lenses have a focal length. One of the first things you will hear photographers discuss is their f-stop settings, how they influence certain pictures they take, and what is their favourite – so what on earth is a f-stop? Well before we can delve in and explore f-stops, there are a couple of other terms that need to be understood, namely the focal length and aperture size. So the first thing we are going to look at are f-stops, what they are and how they affect the pictures you want to take. Often, the missing component is not just what the settings do – but how they affect the pictures that you want to take. For the uninitiated, researching underwater photography can get very confusing and sometimes, you feel you need a degree in advanced mathematics to understand what’s going on. So you have bought a new underwater camera and started reading the manual – and now things have gone bad.
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